Thanks, that definitely helps. I realize that it's even difficult to compare across institutions, never mind across systems. For example, Harvard has terrible grade inflation, and over 90% of the class will graduate with a 3.7 or higher. On the other hand, equally comparable schools (in terms of quality, maybe not in terms of reputation), such as MIT, Toronto, Cal Tech, Princeton, etc. use GPA as a more accurate indicator of performance; not every student will get an A in a class (I know Princeton and MIT are particularly good at this, so if a student has a 3.7 /3.8 coming from one of these two schools, he must be extremely spectacular). This is one of the reasons the US business schools value GMAT a bit more than GPA; they realize that the GMAT is a consistent, uniform indicator for all applicants, whereas GPA will vary by institution. Despite that I only have a 3.63 GPA, my University is not one to hand out all high marks, and I think my 99th% GMAT demonstrates this.