It seems to me that it doesn't matter what your product is, if you're a huge company in a huge industry, you'll be needing lots of strategy help to compete with other huge companies in the industry. You'll need tech consultants to work on enterprise solutions like streamlining your payroll and improving your databases and maybe even improving your products and services (for airlines you'll want online ticketing and you'll want to find people efficient routes). You'll have supply chain issues getting food and water onto planes, risk management issues and human capital issues. The list goes on... consultants could help plan and implement a frequent flier program, for example. Airlines don't have a "normal" product but they have a huge amount in common with other companies, and that's what consultants will be able to help with.